Английский, вариант 3 (Frustration)
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ВАРИАНТ III
I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните в них слова, оформленные окончанием -s, и определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются эти слова, и какую функцию выполняет это окончание, то есть служит ли оно.
а) показателем 3-его лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
б) признаком множественного числа существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
1. The modern psychology proceeds from a principle of activity.
2. Social psychology acts in close connection with acute social and political issues and ideologies.
3. Man’s knowledge of the physical world depends on his perception of it.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, подчеркните их и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The functionalists emphasized more specifically the process of man’s adjustment to his environment.
2. The child shows a wider range of behaviour and feelings than do adults.
3. This professor is the best psychologist at our Institute.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог.
1. The psychologist will try to control conflict situations in this group.
2. The experts are discussing the results of the psychological tests in the lab now.
3. Nerve impulses are sent along nerve fibres in the nervous system to the brain.
4. Some psychologists were appointed to the Prison Service.
IV, Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, то есть укажите, является ли причастие определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. Aggression is tin instinct of light directed against members of the same species.
2. Families producing criminals show a prevalence of unhealthy emotional conditions among the family members.
3. Living in a socio-biological field, every person experiences the influence of his surroundings.
4. When examined by psychologists and psychiatrists, he showed strong emotional and mental disturbances.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. An emotionally weak person may develop a defensive, aggressive emotional attitude to others.
2. The psychologist must deal with each of the offenders individually.
3. At the end of his examination the psychiatrist should try to arrive at a diagnosis.
4. The patient had to speak about his previous psychological disturbances.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните в них герундий. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык герундия.
1. In studying intelligence and other human abilities, psychologists distinguish between ability (quality and quantity of actual performance) and capacity (potential ability).
1. A good way of beginning an examination of offender’s criminal activity is to try to understand his precriminal personality.
2. Rebuilding an offender requires not only knowledge of Criminal Law but also certain knowledge of psychiatric and psychological aspects of his personality.
3. The psychologist started examining the criminal two days ago.
VII. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 абзацы текста.
Пояснения к тексту:
1. both involving - причем оба включают ...
Frustration
I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните в них слова, оформленные окончанием -s, и определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются эти слова, и какую функцию выполняет это окончание, то есть служит ли оно.
а) показателем 3-его лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
б) признаком множественного числа существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
1. The modern psychology proceeds from a principle of activity.
2. Social psychology acts in close connection with acute social and political issues and ideologies.
3. Man’s knowledge of the physical world depends on his perception of it.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, подчеркните их и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The functionalists emphasized more specifically the process of man’s adjustment to his environment.
2. The child shows a wider range of behaviour and feelings than do adults.
3. This professor is the best psychologist at our Institute.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог.
1. The psychologist will try to control conflict situations in this group.
2. The experts are discussing the results of the psychological tests in the lab now.
3. Nerve impulses are sent along nerve fibres in the nervous system to the brain.
4. Some psychologists were appointed to the Prison Service.
IV, Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, то есть укажите, является ли причастие определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. Aggression is tin instinct of light directed against members of the same species.
2. Families producing criminals show a prevalence of unhealthy emotional conditions among the family members.
3. Living in a socio-biological field, every person experiences the influence of his surroundings.
4. When examined by psychologists and psychiatrists, he showed strong emotional and mental disturbances.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. An emotionally weak person may develop a defensive, aggressive emotional attitude to others.
2. The psychologist must deal with each of the offenders individually.
3. At the end of his examination the psychiatrist should try to arrive at a diagnosis.
4. The patient had to speak about his previous psychological disturbances.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните в них герундий. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык герундия.
1. In studying intelligence and other human abilities, psychologists distinguish between ability (quality and quantity of actual performance) and capacity (potential ability).
1. A good way of beginning an examination of offender’s criminal activity is to try to understand his precriminal personality.
2. Rebuilding an offender requires not only knowledge of Criminal Law but also certain knowledge of psychiatric and psychological aspects of his personality.
3. The psychologist started examining the criminal two days ago.
VII. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 абзацы текста.
Пояснения к тексту:
1. both involving - причем оба включают ...
Frustration
VII. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 абзацы текста.
Пояснения к тексту:
1. both involving - причем оба включают ...
Frustration
1. Human adjustment is a never-ending process of dealing with frustration. In seeking various goals we may be frustrated by environmental obstacles, by real or imagined personal limitations, or by a conflict of one motive with another. Conflict frustration may be of three kinds: conflicting attraction, attraction- repulsion, and conflicting avoidance. Because frustration of any sort produces unpleasant emotional upheaval, it strengthens our motivation to satisfy a need that has been thwarted.
2. Our most painful frustrations are connected with our ego. To protect our self-concepts against frustrations that threaten them, we use a number of behavioural devices known as defense mechanisms: withdrawal reactions, aggressive reactions and compromise reactions.
3. Withdrawal reactions include flight into fantasy; nomadism, or aimless wandering to escape frustration; regression to childish modes of adjustment and repression of unpleasant thoughts and impulses. Repressed feelings remain active at an unconscious level and usually find expression in disguised forms of behaviour.
4. Aggressive reactions to frustration seldom take the form of direct attack. Usually people work off their hostile feelings in harmless ways - either verbally or in some vigorous activity.
5. Compromise reactions to frustration include sublimation and substitution, both involving (1) the pursuit of alternate goals.
6. These mechanisms of withdrawal, aggression and compromise are typical defensive reactions to frustration.
VII. Прочитайте 1-ый абзац текста и письменно ответьте на вопрос:
What reasons may cause frustration?
Пояснения к тексту:
1. both involving - причем оба включают ...
Frustration
1. Human adjustment is a never-ending process of dealing with frustration. In seeking various goals we may be frustrated by environmental obstacles, by real or imagined personal limitations, or by a conflict of one motive with another. Conflict frustration may be of three kinds: conflicting attraction, attraction- repulsion, and conflicting avoidance. Because frustration of any sort produces unpleasant emotional upheaval, it strengthens our motivation to satisfy a need that has been thwarted.
2. Our most painful frustrations are connected with our ego. To protect our self-concepts against frustrations that threaten them, we use a number of behavioural devices known as defense mechanisms: withdrawal reactions, aggressive reactions and compromise reactions.
3. Withdrawal reactions include flight into fantasy; nomadism, or aimless wandering to escape frustration; regression to childish modes of adjustment and repression of unpleasant thoughts and impulses. Repressed feelings remain active at an unconscious level and usually find expression in disguised forms of behaviour.
4. Aggressive reactions to frustration seldom take the form of direct attack. Usually people work off their hostile feelings in harmless ways - either verbally or in some vigorous activity.
5. Compromise reactions to frustration include sublimation and substitution, both involving (1) the pursuit of alternate goals.
6. These mechanisms of withdrawal, aggression and compromise are typical defensive reactions to frustration.
VII. Прочитайте 1-ый абзац текста и письменно ответьте на вопрос:
What reasons may cause frustration?